304 Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States. 305 Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies. 306 [Repealed.] 307 Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.
Retrieved 14 October 2008. • Swaminathan, Shivprasad (26 January 2013).
With its adoption, the Union of India became the modern and contemporary Republic of India replacing the Government of India Act, 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document. To ensure constitutional autochthony, the framers of the constitution repealed the prior Acts of the British Parliament via Article 395 of the constitution. India celebrates its coming into force on 26 January each year, as Republic Day. It declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity among them. You have selected one or more posts to quote. Image Verification Please enter the text contained within the image into the text box below it. This process is used to prevent automated spam bots.
Dr.Marri Channa Reddy Human Resource Development Institute (Institute of Administration), Hyderabad. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
The Official Languages Rules, in contrast, provide for a higher degree of use of Hindi in communications between offices of the central government (other than offices in Tamil Nadu, to which the rules do not apply). Communications between different within the central government may be in either Hindi or English, although a translation into the other language must be provided if required. Communications within offices of the same department, however, must be in Hindi if the offices are in Hindi-speaking states, and in either Hindi or English otherwise with Hindi being used in proportion to the percentage of staff in the receiving office who have a working knowledge of Hindi. And in files may be in either Hindi or English, with the Government having a duty to provide a translation into the other language if required. In addition, every person submitting a for the redress of a grievance to a government officer or authority has a to submit it in any language used in India.
Thanks to Who Create This Audio GK In Malayalam. I Am the only one who to introduce you. Indian Constitution PDF Kerala PSC. Home My Government Constitution of IndiaConstitution of India. Page opens a Portable Document Format. Services being provided by the various Indian. Constitution of India PSC Malayalam Questions and Answers - It is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a parliamentary system of government. Download Important Articles of the Constitution of. Of the Constitution of India in PDF to. Our video on Schedules of Indian Constitution for.
However, every person submitting a for the redress of a grievance to an officer or authority of the state government has a constitutional right to submit it in any language used in that state, regardless of its official status. In addition, the constitution grants the central government, acting through the, the power to issue certain directives to the government of a state in relation to the use of for official purposes. The President may direct a State to officially recognise a language spoken in its territory for specified purposes and in specified regions, if its speakers demand it and satisfy him that a substantial proportion of the State's population desire its use. Similarly, States and local authorities are required to endeavour to provide in the mother tongue for all, regardless of whether their language is official in that State, and the President has the power to issue directions he deems necessary to ensure that they are provided these facilities. State judiciary [ ] States have significantly less freedom in relation to determine the language in which judicial proceedings in their respective will be conducted. The constitution gives the power to authorise the use of Hindi, or the state's official language in proceedings of the High Court to the, rather than the state legislature, and requires the Governor to obtain the consent of the, who in these matters acts on the advice of the. The Official Languages Act gives the Governor a similar power, subject to similar conditions, in relation to the language in which the High Court's judgments will be delivered.
34 Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area. 35 Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part. 36 Definition. 37 Application of the principles contained in this Part. 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State. 39A Equal justice and free legal aid.
Right against Exploitation 23 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. 24 Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. Right to Freedom of Religion 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. 26 Freedom to manage religious affairs. 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion. 28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. Cultural and Educational Rights 29 Protection of interests of minorities.
226A [Repealed.] 227 Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court. 228 Transfer of certain cases to High Court. 228A [Repealed.] 229 Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts. 230 Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories. 231 Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.
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199 Definition of “Money Bills”. 200 Assent to Bills. 201 Bills reserved for consideration. Procedure in Financial Matters 202 Annual financial statement.
242 [Repealed.] PART IX: THE PANCHAYATS 243 Definitions. 243A Gram Sabha.
286 Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods. 287 Exemption from taxes on electricity. 288 Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases. 289 Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation. 290 Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.
359A [Repealed.] 360 Provisions as to financial emergency. PART XIX: MISCELLANEOUS 361 Protection of President and Governors and Rajprakukhs. 361A Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures. 361B Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post. 362 [Repealed.] 363 Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
• Pylee, M.V. Constitutional Government in India.
329 Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. 329A [Repealed.] PART XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES 330 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People. 331 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People. 332 Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States. 333 Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States. 334 Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty years. 335 Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
106 Salaries and allowances of members. 107 Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills. 108 Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases. 109 Special procedure in respect of Money Bills. 110 Definition of “Money Bills”.
371C Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur. 371D Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh. 371E Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh. 371F Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.
(6th ed.).: LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. • Lectures By Professor Parmanad Singh, Jindal Global Law School. • Jacobsohn, Gary (2010).:. • Chandrachud, Chintan (June 6, 2015)... Retrieved July 26, 2018. • Raghavan, Vikram (2010). Retrieved 13 November 2015.
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Constitution of India contains 395 articles in 22 parts. Additional are inserted later through various amendments. There are also 12.
68 Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy. 69 Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President. 70 Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies.
40 Organisation of village panchayats. 41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases. 42 Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief. 43 Living wage, etc., for workers.
243 Finance Commission. 243Z Audit of accounts of Municipalities. 243ZA Elections to the Municipalities. 243ZB Application to Union territories. 243ZC Part not to apply to certain areas. 243ZD Committee for district planning.
182 The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council. 183 Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman. 184 Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman. 185 The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
Even though the English language is not included in the Eighth Schedule (as it is a foreign language), it is one of the official languages of the Union of India.
Due to the adoption of the, the Supreme Court was not allowed to preside over any laws adopted during a state of emergency which infringe under article 32 (the right to constitutional remedies). The widened Article 31C and added Articles 368(4) and 368(5), stating that any law passed by Parliament could not be challenged in court. The Supreme Court ruled in that judicial review is a basic characteristic of the constitution, overturning Articles 368(4), 368(5) and 31C. Flexibility According to, 'The Indian constitution is first and foremost a social document, and is aided by its Parts III & IV (Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles of State Policy, respectively) acting together, as its chief instruments and its conscience, in realising the goals set by it for all the people.'
Previous legislation The constitution was drawn from a number of sources. Mindful of India's needs and conditions. Its framers borrowed features of previous legislation, such as the, the, and, the and, and the. The latter, which led to the creation of India and Pakistan, divided the former Constituent Assembly in two. Each new assembly had sovereign power to draft and enact a new constitution for the separate states. Constituent Assembly. Main article: The constitution was drafted by the, which was elected by elected members of the.
298 Power to carry on trade, etc. 299 Contracts. 300 Suits and proceedings. CHAPTER IV: RIGHT TO PROPERTY 300A Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law. PART XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA 301 Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse. 302 Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse. 303 Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
• Dharmadhikari, Justice D. (2004) 4 SCC (Jour) 1. Retrieved 6 November 2015. (4 Wheaton) 316, 407 ( 1819). (4 Wheaton) 316, 415 ( 1819).
254 Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States. 255 Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.
149 Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General. 150 Form of accounts of the Union and of the States. 151 Audit reports. PART VI: THE STATES CHAPTER I: GENERAL 152 Definition.
In every city that has more than ten central Government offices, a Town Official Language Implementation Committee is established and cash awards are given to government employees who write books in Hindi. All Central government offices and PSUs are to establish Hindi Cells for implementation of Hindi in their offices. In 2016, the announced plans to promote Hindi in government offices in and. The Indian constitution does not specify the official languages to be used by the states for the conduct of their official functions, and leaves each state free to, through its legislature, adopt Hindi or any language used in its territory as its official language or languages.
Drafting, a who became the first in the and was, was appointed as the assembly's constitutional adviser in 1946. Responsible for the constitution's general structure, Rau prepared its initial draft in February 1948. At the 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed. Rau's draft was considered, debated and amended by the eight-person drafting committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with as chair. A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947. While deliberating the revised draft constitution, the assembly moved, discussed and disposed off 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635. Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in 165 days.